Symptoms of Vaginal Prolapse: Understanding the condition and what you can do
Understanding the Symptoms of Vaginal Prolapse
Vaginal prolapse, also known as pelvic organ prolapse, is a condition that occurs when the pelvic organs—such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum—descend into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments.
It's a relatively common issue, especially among women who have experienced childbirth, are postmenopausal, or have certain risk factors.
Although it can be uncomfortable and distressing, vaginal prolapse is treatable, and early intervention is key.
Symptoms of Vaginal Prolapse
The symptoms of vaginal prolapse can vary depending on the severity of the condition and which organs are affected. However, there are several common signs that women may experience.
1. A Sensation of Heaviness or Pressure in the Pelvis
One of the most common symptoms of vaginal prolapse is a feeling of heaviness or a "dragging" sensation in the pelvic region.
Women often describe it as if something is "falling out" of the vagina, especially after prolonged standing or physical activity. Research indicates that this sensation is due to the descent of pelvic organs pressing on the vaginal walls.
2. Visible or Palpable Bulging
In more severe cases of prolapse, a woman may notice a bulge or lump in the vaginal opening.
This can occur when the bladder, uterus, or rectum falls into the vaginal canal.
Nearly 40% of women with moderate to severe prolapse report seeing or feeling a bulge at the vaginal opening, especially when coughing or straining.
3. Urinary Symptoms
Vaginal prolapse often causes issues with urination. This can include:
Frequent urination or feeling the need to urinate urgently, due to pressure on the bladder.
Urinary incontinence, particularly when coughing, laughing, or lifting heavy objects.
Incomplete emptying of the bladder, where a woman feels as though she can't fully empty her bladder, leading to a sensation of fullness.
Urinary incontinence is one of the most common symptoms in women with prolapse, and pelvic organ prolapse is strongly linked to overactive bladder syndrome.
4. Bowel Symptoms
The descent of the rectum can also lead to bowel issues. Symptoms include:
Constipation or difficulty having bowel movements.
Rectal pressure or discomfort that may worsen after sitting for long periods.
Fecal incontinence, although this is less common than urinary incontinence, can occur when the rectum slips into the vaginal canal.
About 30% of women with prolapse experience some form of bowel dysfunction, with rectal prolapse being a frequent contributor.
5. Pain or Discomfort During Sexual Intercourse
Vaginal prolapse can also cause discomfort or pain during sexual activity.
This occurs due to the structural changes in the pelvic organs, which can alter the vaginal walls.
Many women with prolapse report reduced sexual satisfaction or difficulty achieving orgasm. These issues are often compounded by emotional distress or anxiety surrounding the condition.
6. Back Pain and Pelvic Pressure
Women with prolapse may experience chronic lower back pain, pelvic pressure, or discomfort during activities such as sitting, standing, or exercising. This is likely due to the pressure that the prolapsed organs exert on the surrounding tissues and muscles, including the lower back.
A study from 2018 found that back pain was present in up to 60% of women with prolapse, with the intensity of pain often correlating with the severity of the condition.
7. Increased Symptoms After Physical Activity or End of the Day
Another common symptom is that prolapse-related discomfort worsens after physical exertion or at the end of the day.
Prolonged standing, heavy lifting, or even walking for extended periods can make the symptoms of heaviness and pressure worse. This is a sign of pelvic floor fatigue, as muscles struggle to support the prolapsed organs.
A significant number of women report worsening symptoms at night, which may be linked to muscle fatigue or changes in the position of pelvic organs during rest.
How Vaginal Prolapse Affects Quality of Life
Living with vaginal prolapse can have a profound effect on a woman's emotional and physical well-being.
The discomfort associated with prolapse, coupled with issues like incontinence and sexual dysfunction, can lead to a sense of isolation, anxiety, or embarrassment. Women may avoid social activities or even struggle to perform daily tasks, like exercising or taking care of children.
The psychological impact of vaginal prolapse is often overlooked, but studies from the past few years highlight the importance of addressing these emotional aspects. In fact, a 2021 survey found that nearly 50% of women with pelvic organ prolapse reported experiencing depression or anxiety due to their symptoms.
How Is Vaginal Prolapse Diagnosed?
If you're experiencing symptoms of vaginal prolapse, it's crucial to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis.
Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic exam, where a doctor will assess the degree of prolapse and determine which organs are involved. In some cases, additional tests like ultrasound or MRI may be used to evaluate the pelvic floor muscles and structures in greater detail.
Vaginal prolapse is a condition that affects many women, particularly those who have given birth or are in menopause.
While the symptoms can vary, the most common signs include pelvic heaviness, bulging, urinary and bowel issues, and discomfort during sex.
Early intervention is important for managing symptoms and improving quality of life. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, don't hesitate to seek medical advice—treatment options are available, and you don’t have to face it alone.
By staying informed and talking openly about pelvic health, we can reduce the stigma around vaginal prolapse and encourage women to take charge of their health.
Looking for pelvic health physical therapy in Jacksonville Beach, FL?
If you’re looking for personalized, one-on-one sessions to address your pelvic floor concerns, we provide pelvic health physical therapy services to women in the Jacksonville Beach area.
If you’re looking for providers who will listen to you and help you get to the root cause of your pelvic concerns, we’ve got you. We’re here to help you if you’re experiencing pain, heaviness, leaking, or are pregnant/postpartum and want to continue safely working out/running/lifting during your pregnancy and get back to your sport after birth.
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References:
Abbott, D., et al. (2020). "Prevalence of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Population-Based Study." International Urogynecology Journal.
Bates, G., et al. (2021). "Urinary Incontinence in Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse." Journal of Urology.
Diwadkar, S., et al. (2021). "Psychological Impact of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women." BMC Women's Health.
Durnea, C., et al. (2021). "Bowel Symptoms in Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse." Colorectal Disease.
Lehne, G., et al. (2022). "Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Quality of Life: A Review of Recent Literature." Obstetrics & Gynecology Science.
Nicholson, W., et al. (2019). "The Effect of Pelvic Organ Prolapse on Daily Activities and Symptoms." Journal of Women's Health.
Smith, R., et al. (2018). "Back Pain and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Review of the Literature." Neuro-urology.
Walker, M., et al. (2023). "Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse." Journal of Sexual Medicine.